In this study, a multisectoral neo-classical type price driven computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, with the additional feature that it includes a mechanism by which public education expenditure to build human capital augments the supply of educated/skilled labor, is used to analyse the impact of an increase in the former, financed by an increase in direct tax rates, on economic growth and income distribution in the Indian economy. The simulation results suggest that it is possible to increase investment in education in the resource constrained fiscal environment of the Indian economy, and reap the benefits in terms of a faster economic growth and an improved income distribution. The results also suggest that secondary education needs to be accorded higher priority, though, not necessarily, at the cost of higher education. Finally, to maximize the benefits in terms of economic growth it is desirable that investment in physical capital be increased simultaneously with investment in human capital (education).